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The India Meteorological Department (IMD), one of the oldest weather forecasting institutions globally, recently celebrated a monumental milestone—150 years of service. Established in 1875, the IMD has grown from a modest beginning into a world-class meteorological organization, underpinning India’s socio-economic development. As we honor this sesquicentennial milestone, it is worth exploring the department’s evolution, achievements, and future aspirations.
The roots of meteorology in India date back to ancient times, with references to weather patterns and cloud formations in texts like the Upanishads. However, the first formal meteorological observatory was established in Kolkata in 1785 by the British. Recognizing the need for a centralized weather service, the colonial administration founded the IMD in 1875, headquartered in Shimla, under Henry Francis Blanford.
The IMD’s primary goal was to systematically observe and forecast weather for the subcontinent, especially following devastating famines linked to monsoonal failures. Over the years, it became indispensable to sectors such as agriculture, maritime trade, and disaster management, ensuring the safety and well-being of millions.
The IMD has embraced a wide array of technological advancements over its 150-year journey. In its early years, forecasting relied on manual observations and rudimentary methods. Today, it employs cutting-edge tools such as Doppler Weather Radars, advanced satellites like INSAT and GSAT, and numerical weather prediction models to deliver accurate and timely forecasts.
One of IMD’s key achievements is its role in cyclone detection and disaster preparedness. Systems like Cyclone Warning Dissemination and regional weather alerts have saved countless lives. Moreover, the department’s forecasts have become indispensable for the aviation, agriculture, and renewable energy sectors.
IMD’s Agro-Meteorological Advisory Services (AAS) exemplify its commitment to farmers. These services provide tailored advice on crop management based on weather forecasts, contributing significantly to agricultural productivity.
To commemorate this landmark occasion, IMD organized a series of year-long celebrations beginning on January 15, 2024. The inaugural event featured the unveiling of a commemorative logo by the Minister of Earth Sciences, Shri Kiren Rijiju. A theme song encapsulating IMD’s legacy and contributions was also launched.
The celebrations included workshops, exhibitions, and public lectures to enhance meteorological awareness. A commemorative postage stamp and coin were also planned to honor the institution’s historic contributions. Events like the “Met-Olympiad” encouraged community participation, fostering interest in meteorology among young minds.
Despite its achievements, IMD faces challenges such as climate change, extreme weather events, and the need for hyperlocal predictions. The frequency and intensity of cyclones, heatwaves, and unseasonal rainfall are increasing, necessitating enhanced observational networks and forecasting models.
IMD envisions a future where every weather hazard is detected and predicted with precision. The department is working to expand its Doppler Radar network, enhance data assimilation techniques, and leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) for better analysis. Additionally, it aims to make weather data accessible to all through mobile applications and localized warnings.
The IMD’s 150-year journey underscores its unwavering commitment to serving the nation. From its initial role in observing weather patterns to becoming a trusted partner in India’s development, the IMD has consistently adapted to changing times. Its contributions in disaster management, agricultural planning, and public safety highlight its indispensable role.
As it steps into the future, IMD remains a beacon of innovation and resilience. The department’s efforts not only safeguard lives but also contribute to India’s sustainable growth, reaffirming its importance in a rapidly changing world.
Authored by, Amay Mathur | Senior Editor
Amay Mathur is a business news reporter at Chegg.com. He previously worked for PCMag, Business Insider, The Messenger, and ZDNET as a reporter and copyeditor. His areas of coverage encompass tech, business, strategy, finance, and even space. He is a Columbia University graduate.
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