The Dry States in India: Alcohol-Banned States
Quick Summary
Dry states in India are regions where alcohol consumption, sale, and production are restricted or banned to address public health, social safety, and cultural concerns. The bans align with Article 47 of the Indian Constitution, promoting the reduction of intoxicating substances.
List of Dry States:
Gujarat, Bihar, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur , Lakshadweep
Reasons for Prohibition:
- Health concerns – Prevents diseases like hypertension and addiction.
- Social safety – Reduces violence and accidents linked to alcohol.
- Cultural and religious values – Reflects traditions, especially in places influenced by Gandhian principles.
- Economic welfare – Encourages better household spending by minimizing liquor consumption.
Table of Contents
Bihar, Gujarat, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Lakshadweep are the dry states in India, as the Indian Govt. has alcohol banned states in India & union territories. Alcohol consumption is quite common in India, but there are certain regions where it is strictly prohibited. These areas are known as dry states in India. Various cultural, social and political factors mainly determine the alcohol prohibition in India.
Article 47 of the Indian Constitution
Article 47 of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution prohibits the consumption of harmful alcohol. However, each state can decide whether to implement this principle. Therefore, alcohol regulations vary across the country.
Dry States Meaning
In India, some states have implemented a concept called “dry state” or “alcohol prohibition.” Here’s a breakdown of what it means:
- Dry State: A state where the sale, consumption, and possession of alcoholic beverages are completely banned or heavily restricted.
- Alcohol Prohibition: This refers to the legal act of forbidding the production, distribution, and consumption of alcoholic drinks.
Essentially, a Dry state in India enforces a form of alcohol prohibition within its borders.
Here are some additional points to note:
- Variations in Dry States: Not all dry states in India are created equal. Some may completely ban alcohol, while others might allow limited sales for medicinal purposes or permit zones with specific regulations.
- Reasons for Dry States: The reasons for implementing dry states in India can vary. Social concerns about alcohol abuse, religious beliefs, and promoting a healthy society are some common factors.
- The Debate on Dry States: The effectiveness of dry states in India is a topic of debate. While some argue it reduces alcohol-related problems, others point to the rise of illegal liquor markets and potential negative social consequences.
Understanding dry states in India gives you a clearer picture of the varying regulations on alcohol consumption across different regions in India.
What is the Legal Drinking Age in India?
The legal drinking age in India varies from state to state, and the age for consuming and buying alcohol also differs.
The table compares the legal drinking age in various states of India there are also some liquor banned states in India.
| States/UTs | Legal Drinking Age |
| Andhra Pradesh | 21 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 18 |
| Assam | 21 |
| Bihar | Prohibited |
| Chhattisgarh | 21 |
| Goa | 18 |
| Gujarat | Prohibited |
| Haryana | 21 |
| Himachal Pradesh | 18 |
| Jammu and Kashmir | 18 |
| Jharkhand | Prohibited |
| Karnataka | 21 |
| Kerala | 18 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 25 |
| Maharashtra | 21 |
| Manipur | Prohibited (Except for Tribals) |
| Meghalaya | 18 |
| Mizoram | 18 |
| Nagaland | 18 |
| Odisha | 25 |
| Punjab | 21 |
| Rajasthan | 21 |
| Sikkim | 18 |
| Tamil Nadu | 21 |
| Telangana | 21 |
| Tripura | 18 |
| Uttar Pradesh | 21 |
| Uttarakhand | 21 |
| West Bengal | 21 |
| Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 18 |
| Chandigarh | 21 |
| Dadra and Nagar Haveli | 18 |
| Daman and Diu | 18 |
| Delhi National Capital Territory (NCT) | 21 |
| Lakshadweep | Prohibited |
| Puducherry | 20 |
Please note that the legal drinking age varies across states and union territories due to different regulations and cultural contexts. Some states have completely banned alcohol consumption, while others permit it with varying age limits.
Understanding Dry Days and Their Importance
People do not particularly enjoy dry days. Alcohol sales in stores, bars, and lodging establishments are prohibited on dry days. Election-related holidays or state-level holidays are now possible. Some states prohibit the sale of alcohol on certain holidays.
These days are observed by most Indian states on significant national holidays and occasions, including Gandhi Jayanti on October 2, Republic Day on January 26, and Shaheed Diwas on January 30. In India, dry days are also observed when voting.
The State Election Commission (SEC) clarified that Maharashtra’s teachers and graduates’ constituency elections will only take place on January 30, the day the sale and supply of alcohol is prohibited.
List of Dry States in India
In a few states, the government has outlawed the sale of alcoholic beverages, making any business activity involving alcoholic beverages illegal. Chapter IV of the Constitution discusses the DPSP (Directive Principles of State Policy). It is not permitted to consume intoxicants that are unhealthy for the body, such as alcohol. The dry states in India claim this will support the morality principle and are a positive step toward social change in their state.
Lets find out How many dry states in India. Here is the list of dry states in India:
1. Bihar
Bihar is on the list of the dry states in India that have recognized the significant threat posed by the increasing problem of alcoholism. The state government’s proposal to amend the Bihar Excise Act of 1915 resulted in the Bihar Excise (Amendment) Act of 2016. Now you’re wondering When was alcohol banned in Bihar? So Bihar implemented a complete alcohol ban in 2016.
2. Gujarat
Since the division of Gujarat and Maharashtra in 1960, Gujarat (dry states in India) has been recognized as a state that prohibits the sale and consumption of alcohol. This restriction is enforced through the Bombay Prohibition Act of 1949, which remains in effect in Gujarat. Gujarat has had a prohibition on alcohol since 1960, making it the first state in India to implement such a ban.
3. Mizoram
The Mizoram (dry states in India) Liquor Prohibition Act, 2019, is a law enacted in the Indian state of Mizoram that prohibits the sale, manufacturing, and consumption of liquors within its territory. regardless of their social status, are strictly forbidden from using any intoxicating substances or consuming alcohol.
4. Nagaland
The preamble of the Nagaland Liquor Total Prohibition Act, 1989, explicitly states to ban all aspects of alcohol within Nagaland comprehensively. This involves prohibiting the sale, production, possession, consumption, import, and export of alcoholic beverages. Nagaland has prohibited alcohol since 1989.
5. Manipur
Manipur’s (dry states in India) alcohol ban is a partial one, enacted in 1991. Unlike Nagaland’s complete ban, Manipur prohibits commercial production, sale, and consumption of alcohol except for traditionally brewed beverages consumed by Scheduled Tribes under their customary laws.
6. Lakshadweep
One of India’s Union Territories is the island of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea. Except on the tourist island of Bangaram, alcohol consumption is completely prohibited in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.
Dry States in India with Reasons for Ban
Here is the List of alcohol banned States or liquor banned states in India:
| State | Banned Since | Reason for Ban |
| Bihar | 2016 | Social and health reasons |
| Gujarat | 1960 | Social and religious reasons |
| Lakshadweep | 1979 | To maintain peace and tranquility in the islands |
| Manipur (Partial Prohibition) | 1991 | To curb alcohol-related problems |
| Mizoram | 2019 | Social and health reasons |
| Nagaland | 1989 | Religious reasons |
Gujarat – First State to Ban Alcohol in India
India’s approach to alcohol consumption varies across states. While some allow its sale and consumption, others have implemented a complete ban. Gujarat, the state that holds the distinction of being the first liquor banned states in India.
Why Gujarat is Dry State in India?
Gujarat is known as a dry state in India because it has implemented a sumptuary law that prohibits the manufacture, storage, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. This prohibition is primarily due to Gujarat’s historical and cultural association with Mahatma Gandhi, who was born in the state and advocated for prohibition.
The ban on alcohol in Gujarat dates back to its formation and is seen as a way to honor and uphold the principles and teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. However, in a significant move, the Gujarat government has allowed the consumption of liquor in the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT), India’s first financial services center being built in Gandhinagar. This is the first exemption in Gujarat, which has been the First State in the list of dry states in India since its birth in 1960.
A Historical Step: Prohibition in Gujarat
In 1960, after gaining independence, Gujarat became the first dry states in India to introduce a complete ban on the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Social and political factors drove this move, aiming to promote social welfare and reduce alcohol-related issues.
Maintaining a Dry Status
Even today, Gujarat enforces strict prohibition laws with severe penalties for those caught consuming or selling alcohol. This policy has garnered support from those who argue that it has led to positive social changes, such as reduced alcohol-related health issues and improved public safety. However, there are counterarguments, with critics pointing to the rise of illegal liquor markets as a consequence of the ban. Despite these challenges, Gujarat continues to uphold its prohibition as part of its broader social and cultural framework, aligning with other dry states in India that aim to promote public health and welfare
Understanding Dry States in India
The presence of dry states in India reflects the diverse social and cultural landscape of the country. Whether prohibition is the most effective solution for alcohol-related issues remains a topic of debate.
Gujarat as a Dry State: Fact or Fiction?
Since its establishment in 1960, Gujarat is the first dry states in India to ban alcohol in India & has maintained a prohibition law, which has not prevented residents from drinking alcohol. One of the widely acknowledged facts about the state is the significant level of alcohol consumption within its borders. It was argued that prohibition imposed limitations that increased consumer risks and widened the black market. It’s important to consider the alcohol ban from an economic standpoint because Gujarat has always had a laser-like focus on its economy. It also has an indirect impact on foreign investment. Gujarat would draw even more foreign investors without prohibition because it represents a significant cultural shift for them.
Dry Day in Rajasthan
People enjoy drinking alcohol in most of the States of our nation but some are dry states in India. A dry day may be familiar to those who regularly consume alcohol. If you didn’t know, please be advised that on a dry day, it is not permitted to sell or deliver alcohol. If you regularly purchase alcohol, you should know there are numerous dry days in 2023. Indian national holidays are typically when dry days are observed. However, many states today also have their observance laws. A dry day in Rajasthan is when the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited in the state. The dry days in Rajasthan are as follows:
- Republic Day – January 26
- Martyrs’ Day (Shaheed Diwas) – January 30
- Maha Shivaratri – February 18
- Mahavir Janma Kalyanak – 4th April
- Rajasthan Formation Day – March 30
- Independence Day – August 15
- Gandhi Jayanti – October 2
- Harijan Day – October 30
Quotes and Insights on Dry States
Nitish Kumar, the chief minister, demanded on Sunday that alcohol be outlawed nationwide like that in Bihar, despite the widespread belief that this had resulted in his state becoming poorer.
“Prohibition can be used as a strong instrument to bring social and economic change.” – Nitish Kumar.
He claimed that the experience since the alcohol ban in Bihar, implemented in April 2016, has only strengthened Chief Minister Nitish Kumar’s resolve to maintain prohibition during his tenure. Kumar has emphasized that the success of the alcohol ban in Bihar will be a key aspect of his administration’s achievements, particularly as the state prepares for its upcoming assembly elections later this year. This move also ties into the broader trend of dry states in India, where alcohol bans are positioned as integral to social reform and public welfare. Despite challenges, such as illegal alcohol trade, Kumar views the prohibition as a significant political and social victory
“Alcohol is a toxic product; it causes moral, social, and economic damage.” – Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.
To declare the entire hill area a liquor-free zone, President A P J Abdul Kalam delivered the “Attapadi Declaration”. He gave a group of tribals an oath and said, “Let us take a pledge today to abolish the use of liquor and Ganja cultivation that is rampant in this most backward tribal belt.”
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Impact of Prohibition on Society
Alcohol prohibition can have both positive and negative effects on society.
Positive Effects of Alcohol Prohibition
- Implementing alcohol prohibition in India is expected to impact public health positively. As a result, people may reduce their alcohol consumption. This will also lead to overall improvements in population health.
- There will be fewer cardiac issues, liver damage, and other issues.
- Reduced sales and consumption of alcohol will eventually cause a decrease in the number of mental and physical health disorders.
- The prohibition of alcohol will bring significant benefits to society as a whole.
- Decreased alcohol consumption can result in a more productive workforce and a stronger economy.
Negative Effects of Alcohol Prohibition
- Unexpected effects of alcohol prohibition led to a general decline in the amusement and entertainment sectors. Due to their inability to turn a profit without the sale of legal alcohol, restaurants failed.
- Prohibition initially had negative effects on the economy. Many jobs, including thousands for truck drivers, barrel makers, waiters, and other related trades, were lost due to the closure of distilleries, breweries, and saloons.
- The decrease in tax revenue was one of the most notable effects of prohibition.
- Before prohibition, many states relied heavily on excise taxes generated from the sale of alcohol. This also affected the generated revenues for these states.
Main types of alcohol consumed in the previous 12 months, by age and gender, 2022–2023
| Age Group | Pre-mixed spirits | Bottle spirits and liqueurs | Regular strength beer | Bottle wine | Cider |
| Females 14-17 | 64% | 15% | 8% | 5% | – |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Males 14-17 | 35% | 22% | 14% | 4% | – |
| Females 18-24 | 49% | 26% | 24% | 11% | 5% |
| Males 18-24 | 36% | 24% | 17% | 5% | 5% |
Top 10 Alcohol Consumption States in India
Here’s a list of dry states in India known for their high alcohol consumption based on various surveys and studies:
- Arunachal Pradesh – Alcohol consumption is extremely high, with some districts reporting nearly universal alcohol use among men.
- Tripura – Known for widespread alcohol consumption, especially among the tribal population.
- Telangana – A significant proportion of both men and women consume alcohol regularly.
- Chhattisgarh – Alcohol use is common, especially in tribal areas where country liquor is prevalent.
- Manipur – Despite regulations, the state records high alcohol consumption.
- Sikkim – High consumption, especially of beer and wine, makes it stand out.
- Mizoram – Alcohol consumption, though legally restricted, is still notable in various areas.
- Tamil Nadu – Heavy use of hard liquor is prevalent across the state.
- Kerala – Known for high alcohol sales and consumption, especially of spirits and beer.
- Goa – A popular tourist destination with high alcohol consumption, especially beer and wine.
The North-Eastern states of India, along with regions in the South and East, typically exhibit higher alcohol consumption due to various cultural and demographic factors, despite certain states enforcing prohibitions or dry days. In these areas, alcohol consumption is often intertwined with local traditions and social practices. Notably, tribal-dominated areas tend to prefer locally made brews or country liquor, which are part of long-standing cultural customs. Even in dry states in India, such as Gujarat and Bihar, these traditional alcohols remain popular in some communities.
This overview is based on patterns observed in the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) and other regional studies.
Conclusion
The prohibition of alcohol in India is a multifaceted approach rooted in cultural traditions, legal frameworks, and public health priorities. While aiming to curb the societal and health risks associated with alcohol consumption, such as addiction and economic hardship, these policies also reflect the ethical principles advocated by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi. This approach aligns with the dry states in India, where alcohol bans are enforced to promote healthier lifestyles and preserve social harmony. These regions exemplify the nation’s commitment to reducing alcohol-related issues and advancing public welfare.
By aligning with the Directive Principles of State Policy, prohibition underscores the government’s responsibility to enhance public welfare and social harmony. Though its effectiveness and acceptance remain debated, the sustained implementation in states like Gujarat and Bihar signifies an enduring commitment to these ideals, fostering healthier and more equitable communities.
FAQs on Dry States in India
What is the dry state & Why is it called a dry state?
A region is referred to as a ‘dry state’ when the sale and consumption of alcohol are strictly prohibited. This prohibition can be due to various social, cultural, and political factors.
How many dry states are there in India and their name?
There are currently 4 dry states in India and 1 Union Territory, namely, Bihar, Gujarat, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Lakshadweep, where liquor is prohibited.
Which Indian state had the first alcohol ban?
India’s first alcohol prohibition was enacted in the state of Gujarat. The Gujarat Prohibition Act of 1949 was passed in memory of Gujarat native and ardent prohibition proponent, Mahatma Gandhi.
Why is Gujarat called a dry state?
Gujarat is known as a dry state because it has implemented a sumptuary law that prohibits the manufacture, storage, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. This prohibition is primarily due to Gujarat’s historical and cultural association with Mahatma Gandhi, who advocated for prohibition.
Is Kerala a dry state?
No, Kerala is not a dry state. While the consumption of alcohol and liquor in Kerala is controlled and a few days every year are enforced as dry days, it is not completely banned.
Is Bihar a dry state?
Yes, Bihar is a dry state. The government of Bihar implemented total prohibition on the sale and consumption of alcohol in 2016. This includes Indian Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL).
Is Rajasthan a Dry State?
No, Rajasthan is not a dry state in terms of alcohol prohibition. The sale and consumption of alcohol are permitted in Rajasthan.
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