Gallantry Awards in India: Recognizing Acts of Courage and Sacrifice

India’s Gallantry Awards are like shining stars in our nation’s sky, recognizing those who dared to defy the odds, those who stood tall in the face of danger, and those whose actions inspire us all. The gallantry award signifies bravery in adversity.

In India, the highest gallantry award is a symbol of utmost heroism. Gallantry Award winners have shown unparalleled and unprecedented courage; their stories are not just tales but lessons in bravery. They have faced life-threatening situations to save countless lives, so the gallantry award is about bravery and selflessly serving the nation.

In this blog, we will unravel the inspiring world of India’s gallantry awards, where each medal tells a story of unyielding bravery and unwavering dedication.

Gallantry Awards in India

Here, you will find out the Gallantry Award’s meaning and some key information about this award.
India’s gallantry awards system is robust. There are primarily three awards: the Param Vir Chakra, the Maha Vir Chakra, and the Vir Chakra. Each has its criteria, with the Param Vir Chakra being the highest gallantry award in India.

Instituted on January 26, 1950, these awards recognize acts of bravery and sacrifice by the personnel of the Armed Forces, other forces, and civilians.

Top 5 Gallantry Awards in India

• Param Vir Chakra (PVC) – The highest wartime gallantry award, given for acts of extreme bravery in the face of the enemy.
• Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) – The second-highest wartime gallantry award, awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry during enemy operations.
• Vir Chakra – Given for acts of gallantry in the battlefield, typically for soldiers showing bravery in close combat.
• Ashoka Chakra – The highest peacetime gallantry award, awarded for valor, courage, or self-sacrifice outside of combat.
• Kirti Chakra – The second-highest peacetime gallantry award, awarded for acts of conspicuous courage and self-sacrifice in situations other than war.

The Role of Gallantry Awards in Recognizing Acts of Bravery. 

The gallantry awards demonstrate the country’s appreciation for bravery. Gallantry award winners not only earn a certification of bravery but also embed their names in the hearts of Indian citizens. These awards empower people in the future by instilling a feeling of obligation, honour, and nationalism.

Historical Context and Evolution of Gallantry Awards 

The history of gallantry awards in India dates back to the British era. However, post-independence, there was a need to have our system. The government then instituted these awards to honour acts of bravery and sacrifice. On January 26, 1950, the Indian Government introduced the first three gallantry awards, the Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, and Vir Chakra, which were believed to be in force as of August 15, 1947.

On January 4, 1952, the government established the three gallantry medals: Ashoka Chakra Class-I, Class-II, and Class-III. In January 1967, they renamed them to Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra, respectively.

Overview of Gallantry Award Types and Honors

The Highest Gallantry Award

The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is the highest gallantry award in India. Instituted on January 26, 1950. The bronze medal carries the national emblem on the obverse with “Param Vir Chakra” inscribed in Hindi and English on the reverse.

Criteria and Eligibility for Receiving the Highest Award 

The Param Vir Chakra is awarded for demonstrating grit and generosity even with the adversary, whether on land, sea, or in the air. Individuals holding various ranks in the Army Navy, Air Force Reserve Forces, Civilian Army, and other properly organized Military units are eligible for this award. Under exceptional circumstances, civilians can also receive awards.

Profiles of Notable Recipients: The Story of Gallantry Award Winners

India has honored countless brave soldiers through the years with the Param Vir Chakra, the highest gallantry award. Each recipient’s journey is a story of courage, sacrifice, and dedication to the nation.

• Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient, awarded for his bravery during the 1947 Kashmir operations. Despite being outnumbered, he defended his post heroically until his last breath, embodying the valor these awards represent.
• During the Kargil War in 1999, Captain Vikram Batra became a national hero with his famous words, “Yeh dil maange more.” Leading his troops under extreme conditions, he displayed extraordinary bravery, making his story of gallantry one of the most revered in India’s military history.
• Naib Subedar Sanjay Kumar and Rifleman Sanjay Singh, also awarded during the Kargil War, performed exceptional acts of valor that not only turned the tide in India’s favor but also immortalized their names in the story of gallantry award winners.

These stories of gallantry award winners serve as a testament to the courage and sacrifice of India’s armed forces, inspiring new generations to honor and remember these heroes.

Types of Gallantry Awards (1972)

India’s gallantry awards are categorized based on the nature of the act and the circumstances. The three primary wartime gallantry awards are

1. Param Vir Chakra (PVC) – The highest military award.

2. Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) – The second-highest.

3. Vir Chakra (VrC) – The third in order of precedence.

For peacetime acts of bravery, the awards are:

1. Ashoka Chakra (AC) – Equivalent to the PVC.

2. Kirti Chakra (KC) – Equivalent to the MVC.

3. Shaurya Chakra (SC) – Equivalent to the VrC.

Medals and Their Appearances

Ashoka Chakra (AC): The medal’s centre features a gold wheel in the centre, the Ashoka Chakra. Surrounding it is a lotus wreath with a two-line Ashoka Chakra inscription in Hindi on a silver gilt.

Kirti Chakra (KC): The silver medal displays a five-pointed star. The centre bears an Ashoka Chakra. The reverse side of the medal carries the national emblem and the inscription in Hindi.

Shaurya Chakra (SC): This bronze medal showcases a five-pointed star with the Ashoka Chakra in the centre. The reverse has the national emblem and a two-line Shaurya Chakra inscription in Hindi.

Lesser-Known Gallantry Awards and Their Significance 

Apart from the primary awards, there are other lesser-known awards like the Sena Medal, Nao Sena Medal, and Vayu Sena Medal. Acts of gallantry in non-operational areas and warlike situations earn these awards. Their significance lies in recognizing the resilience of armed forces personnel in situations other than direct combat.

Gallantry Award Benefits and Privileges

While the primary purpose of gallantry awards is to honor and recognize the bravery and sacrifice of armed forces personnel, there are certain benefits and privileges associated with receiving such awards. These benefits can vary depending on the specific award and the policies of the respective armed forces.

However, some common benefits and privileges may include:

• Financial Rewards: Awardees may receive financial rewards or bonuses.
• Priority in Promotions: Gallantry award winners often receive priority in promotions and postings.
• Medical Benefits: Some awards may entitle recipients to enhanced medical benefits and facilities.
• Public Recognition: Awardees receive public recognition and honor, which can significantly boost their social standing.
• Tax Benefits: Certain tax benefits may be available to gallantry award winners.

It’s important to note that the specific benefits and privileges may vary depending on the country and the particular award received. For detailed information, its best to consult the relevant military authorities or government regulations.

Gallantry Awards of India Eligibility

India’s Gallantry Awards are the highest military honors bestowed upon individuals for acts of extraordinary courage and sacrifice. Here’s a breakdown of who’s eligible and for what:

For Acts Against Enemies:

• Param Vir Chakra: The most prestigious award, given for unparalleled bravery or acts of self-sacrifice in the face of the enemy, by land, sea, or air.
• Maha Vir Chakra: Recognizes exceptional bravery displayed in the presence of the enemy, by land, sea, or air.
• Vir Chakra: Honors acts of conspicuous gallantry displayed in the presence of the enemy, by land, sea, or air.

Eligibility:

• Officers and enlisted personnel of the Indian Armed Forces, Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, Militia, and other legally constituted forces.
• Civilian men and women who serve (regularly or temporarily) with the aforementioned forces, including medical personnel.

For Acts Beyond Enemy Conflict:

• Ashoka Chakra: Recognizes the most extraordinary courage, daring, or acts of self-sacrifice displayed outside combat situations.
• Kirti Chakra: Honors acts of distinguished gallantry not displayed in the face of an enemy.
• Shaurya Chakra: Awarded for acts of gallantry displayed away from an enemy.

Eligibility:

• Officers and enlisted personnel of the Indian Armed Forces, Reserve Forces, Territorial Army, Militia, and other legally constituted forces.
• Civilians from all walks of life, including members of paramilitary forces and railway protection forces.
• Members of the Armed Forces Nursing Services.

Distinctions between Awards Based on Rank and Action 

While the gallantry awards are open to all ranks, the distinction often lies in the act. The higher awards (Paramveer Chakra, Mahaveer Chakra, Veer Chakra) are typically for acts beyond the call of duty. While still significant, the lesser-known awards might be for acts of bravery within the expected line of duty. Rank does not play a direct role in the awarding process; the act of bravery is paramount.

Gallantry Award Winners and Recognition

Gallantry Award Winners list

India has seen numerous heroes who’ve been recognized with gallantry awards. Some notable gallantry award winners include:

• Major Somnath Sharma: He is among the first gallantry award winners in India. He was also the first PVC recipient who displayed unmatched bravery during the 1947 Kashmir operations.
• Captain Vikram Batra: Awarded the PVC posthumously for his courage during the Kargil War in 1999. His war cry, “Yeh Dil Maange More,” became iconic.
• Flying Officer Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon: The only Indian Air Force officer awarded the PVC. He defended Srinagar Air Base against a Pakistani air raid during the 1971 war.
• Naib Subedar Bana Singh: Awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his bravery during Operation Rajiv in Siachen in 1987. In his honour, he captured a crucial post 21000 feet later named Bana Post.
• Subedar Major Yogendra Singh Yadav: Another PVC recipient for his heroics during the Kargil War. At just 19, he scaled a vertical cliff to capture Tiger Hill, a strategic point.
• Lieutenant Colonel Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore: Awarded the Param Vir Chakra posthumously for his leadership and bravery during the 1965 Indo-Pak war. He destroyed numerous enemy tanks before making the ultimate sacrifice.
• Major Ramaswamy Parameswaran: Recipient of the Ashoka Chakra, India’s highest peacetime military decoration. He displayed exemplary courage during an operation in Sri Lanka in 1987.
• Captain Ashok Kumar Tara: Awarded the Vir Chakra for his bravery during the 1971 war. He single-handedly saved the family of a Pakistani Army officer from a mob in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
• Havildar Abdul Hamid: Posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra during the 1965 war. Before being martyred, he destroyed multiple enemy tanks with his recoilless gun.

Impact and Recognition Received by the Recipients 

These heroes have made a lasting impact on India’s military history. We won’t forget their bravery; instead, we share it in schools and training centres, motivating young minds. Many monuments, roads, and institutions bear their names so their memory never fades. Their stories continue to touch our hearts and remind us of their sacrifices for India’s freedom and security.

Gallantry awards serve as a reminder that heroes exist among us. They inspire future generations to be brave and selfless. They show us that some individuals rise above fear to protect and serve even in the toughest times. This tradition of celebrating heroes and their brave actions has been a part of our culture for a long time.

Selection Process for Gallantry Awards

India’s Gallantry Awards are a testament to extraordinary courage and sacrifice. But how are these heroes chosen? Here’s a glimpse into the selection process:

Twice a Year Nominations:

• The Ministry of Defence initiates the process by inviting nominations for Gallantry Awards twice a year – typically in March and August.
• Awards announced on Republic Day receive nominations in August, while Independence Day awardees are nominated in March.

Military Nominations:

• The nomination process begins at the unit level where acts of gallantry are identified.
• Recommendations, endorsed by commanders, are then forwarded to the respective Service Headquarters (Army, Navy, Air Force).
• These proposals are meticulously reviewed by an Awards Committee at each Service Headquarters before being forwarded to the Ministry of Defence with the approval of the Chiefs of Staff.

Civilian Nominations:

• Recommendations for civilians outside the defense forces are received from the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).

A Rigorous Process:

This multi-layered selection process ensures that only the most deserving acts of bravery are recognized with India’s highest gallantry honors.

The Role of Recommendations Committees and the Government 

Once recommended, the nomination undergoes scrutiny. A military committee reviews the details, ensuring the act meets the award’s criteria. After this, higher committees, including top military officials and sometimes civilian representatives, further evaluate the nominations. The final list is then sent to the President of India for approval, as the awards are conferred in the name of the President.

Ceremonies and Traditions Associated with Award Presentations 

The presentation is a solemn and grand affair. Awardees or their next of kin receive the medal during the Republic Day or Independence Day ceremonies. The President of India presents the awards amidst military and civilian dignitaries. The ceremony is a blend of military tradition, and national pride broadcasted nationwide, ensuring the entire country joins in honouring the brave.

Public Awareness and Inspiration

Public awareness for gallantry awards is important to salute the bravery of our beloved heroes.

Many initiatives can be adopted, such as:

• Documentaries, films, and school curricula highlight the significance of these awards.
• Museums like the National War Memorial showcase the tales of gallantry award winners. This ensures their stories reach a wider audience.
• Virtual museums amplify these gallantry tales further. Web platforms grant global access to these inspiring stories. Interactive features allow deeper engagement with heroics. Constant updates ensure fresh, timely narratives for visitors.
• Special commemorative events and exhibitions are also organized to educate the public about the bravery of these heroes.

The Role of Gallantry Award Winners as Role Models 

Gallantry Award winners in India are celebrated as national heroes. Their stories of bravery, sacrifice, and dedication inspire countless individuals; they serve as role models, especially for the youth, instilling values of courage, patriotism, and selflessness. Moreover, schools and colleges often invite these heroes to share their experiences, providing firsthand accounts of their bravery.

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Encouraging Acts of Bravery and Selflessness in Society  

Gallantry Award stories inspire many. They show selflessness in tough times. People admire these awardees. Their bravery becomes a societal benchmark. Media, books, and films are crucial in spreading the word about these brave souls. They take these stories to a wider audience, ensuring more people learn about these heroes and their incredible deeds. This exposure helps us all appreciate and celebrate bravery even more.

For example, Captain Vikram Batra received the Param Vir Chakra. His bravery during the Kargil War remains unparalleled. Similarly, Flight Lieutenant Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon posthumously earned the award. These stories remind us that courage is not just a word; it’s a force that can change the world.

India’s Gallantry Awards 2024 Highlights

In addition to the Defence Investiture Ceremony, India’s 77th Independence Day witnessed further recognition of the courage and sacrifice displayed by the armed forces and police personnel. The President of India conferred a total of 103 gallantry awards across different categories:

Gallantry Awards for Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces

• Kirti Chakra: 4 awards (3 posthumous)
• Shaurya Chakra: 18 awards (4 posthumous)
• Sena Medal (Gallantry): 63 awards (2 posthumous)
• Nao Sena Medal (Gallantry): 11 awards
• Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry): 6 awards
• Mention-in-Despatches: 39 awards (including a posthumous award for a military dog)

Gallantry Awards for Police Personnel

A total of 1,037 police medals were awarded, including:

• Police Medal for Gallantry: 213 awards
• President’s Police Medal for Distinguished Service: 94 awards
• Police Medal for Meritorious Service: 729 awards

Notable 2024 Awardees

Among the prominent awardees was Colonel Manpreet Singh (posthumously), Rifleman Ravi Kumar (posthumously), Major Malla Rama Gopal Naidu, and Deputy Superintendent Himayun Muzzammil Bhat (posthumously), all of whom were recipients of the prestigious Kirti Chakra.

Conclusion

Gallantry awards are a powerful tribute to the bravery and sacrifice of India’s armed forces, security personnel, and police officers. These honors celebrate extraordinary acts of courage and selflessness, often made at great personal cost.

Awards like the Kirti Chakra and Shaurya Chakra recognize not just moments of heroism but the spirit of duty and patriotism. They remind us of the sacrifices that ensure our safety and inspire us to live with courage and resilience. These heroes continue to motivate future generations, showcasing the true meaning of service to the nation.

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