National Science Day (28th Feb): Inspiring History & Impact

In India, February 28 is celebrated as National Science Day commemorating the groundbreaking discovery made by the renowned Indian physicist, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. On this day in 1928, Raman observed the scattering of light by molecules, a phenomenon later named the Raman Effect in his honour. Just two years later, in 1930, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, making him the first Indian to receive this prestigious award in science. National Science Day is observed annually to honour this remarkable achievement and its contribution to scientific progress in India.

History of National Science Day

The origin of National Science Day can be traced back to February 28, 1928. The government officially fixed February 28th as National Science Day in India to celebrate this achievement and encourage scientific innovation within India. This was the very day when Sir C.V. Raman discovered the “Raman Effect. This day is celebrated to honour his achievements and promote a greater understanding and interest in science.

In 1986, the National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) proposed to the Government of India that February 28 be designated as National Science Day. The government approved this recommendation, officially declaring the day as National Science Day in the same year. The first celebration took place on February 28, 1987, marking the beginning of this annual observance.

The Role of Sir C.V. Raman

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was a distinguished Indian physicist. He played a vital role in shaping the scientific landscape of India. The foremost contribution of Sir C.V. Raman Effect. He was researching at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in 1928 during his discovery of the Raman Effect.

Discovery of the Raman Effect

The Raman Effect is a spectroscopic phenomenon discovered by the renowned physicist C.V. Raman while working at the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science in Kolkata. This effect occurs when light passes through a dust-free, transparent sample of a chemical compound. As the light interacts with the molecules in the sample, most of it scatters without any change in wavelength. However, a small portion of the scattered light emerges at different wavelengths than the original, incoming light, a shift attributed to the Raman Effect. This discovery provided a new way to study molecular structure and behaviour.

What is the Raman Effect?

The Raman effect, also known as Raman scattering, is a fascinating physics phenomenon involving the interaction of light and matter. It states that, When light shines on a molecule, the light can interact with the molecule’s vibrations and rotations. In most cases, the light simply bounces off (scatters) without any change in its energy. However, in the Raman effect, the scattered light can change its energy, meaning its wavelength and colour can differ slightly from the original light.

Significance of the National Science Day

1. Honors a Scientific Breakthrough

National Science Day is celebrated in India on February 28th every year. It marks the anniversary of Sir C.V. Raman’s discovery of the “Raman Effect” in 1928. This groundbreaking discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.

2. Encourage Scientific Research and Education

National Science Day serves as a tribute to Indian scientists and their contributions to the field. By celebrating scientific achievements, National Science Day aims to inspire and motivate young minds to pursue careers in science and research.

3. Promotes Scientific Temper

The day aims to foster a scientific temper among the Indian population. This refers to a rational, skeptical, and questioning approach to understanding the world around us, based on evidence and logic.

National Science Day in India

National Science Day is celebrated every year on the 28th of February with a specific theme. The aim is to focus on current scientific issues and developments. The theme of National Science Day 2023 was “Global Science for Global Wellbeing.”

The events include science exhibitions, seminars, workshops, and science fairs. Many schools and educational institutions also hold science competitions, quizzes, and essay-writing contests. The eminent scientists and educators are often invited to the functions. They deliver speeches and lectures on topics related to the theme. This helps in inspiring young minds to pursue careers in science and technology.

Celebration of National Science Day Across India

Purpose of Celebrating National Science Day:

The primary aim of National Science Day is to highlight the significance of science and its practical benefits in everyday life. Celebrated as one of India’s major science festivals, it serves multiple purposes:

• To promote awareness of the essential role of science in our daily lives,
• To showcase advancements, projects, and achievements in science that contribute to human welfare,
• To address scientific challenges and foster the adoption of new technologies for progress,
• To provide a platform for citizens with a scientific outlook,
• To inspire a passion for science and technology among the public.

Some of the notable celebrations include:

Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata: 

• Celebrates National Science Day with events highlighting cutting-edge research, lectures by notable scientists, and interactive sessions.
• Acts as a hub for scientific discussions and knowledge sharing on this special day.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): 

• Actively participates in National Science Day celebrations, showcasing achievements in space exploration.
• Engages with students and the public to inspire interest in space science.

Schools and Colleges: 

• Provides young students with an opportunity to display their scientific talent and gain insights from experts.
• Nationwide, educational institutions mark the day with science programs, quizzes, debates, and exhibitions.

National Science Day Speech

When preparing a National Science Day speech, it’s essential to craft a message that resonates with the audience. Begin with a compelling introduction that captures their attention. Explain the significance of the day and why we celebrate it. Share anecdotes or quotes to engage your listeners. Organize your speech logically, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Use visuals or props, if possible, to illustrate key points. Practice your delivery to ensure clarity and confidence.

1. Addressing the Relevance of Science in Modern Society

In your Science Day speech, emphasize the relevance of science in today’s world. Stress the importance of fostering scientific curiosity and critical thinking among the youth.

2. Highlighting Achievements and Contributions of Indian Scientists

Highlight India’s accomplishments in space exploration, healthcare, and technology. Encourage the audience to take pride in our scientific heritage and to support and inspire the next generation of scientists. Thus, a National Science Day speech should be informative, inspirational, and engaging. The aim of the speech must be to motivate individuals to embrace the wonders of science.

Themes of National Science Day

Since 1999, National Science Day has been commemorated with a specific thematic focus each year. The thematic progression is as follows:

YEAR	THEME
1999	Our Changing Earth
2000	Recreating Interest in Basic Science
2001	Information Technology for Science Education
2002	Wealth From Waste
2003	50 years of DNA & 25 years of IVF – The Blueprint of Life
2004	Nurture Nature for Our Future
2005	Celebrating Physics
2006	Nurture Nature for our Future
2007	More Crop Per Drop
2008	Understanding the Planet Earth
2009	Expanding Horizons of Science
2010	Gender Equity, Science & Technology for Sustainable Development
2011	Chemistry in Daily Life
2012	Clean Energy Options and Nuclear Safety
2013	Genetically Modified Crops and Food Security
2014	Fostering Scientific Temper
2015	Science for Nation Building
2016	Encouraging Scientific Awareness in the Community
2017	Science and Technology for Specially Abled Persons
2018	Science and Technology for a Sustainable Future
2019	Science for the People, and the People for Science
2020	Women in Science
2021	Scientific Issues for the Development of the Nation
2022	Integrated Approach in S&T for Sustainable Future
2023	Global Science for Global Wellbeing
2024	Indigenous Technologies for Viksit Bharat

National Science Day 2024

The Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) celebrated National Science Day 2024 through lectures, orations, and open house activities in its laboratories and establishments on February 28, 2024. The Defence Science Forum (DSF) organized a special function at DRDO Bhawan in New Delhi. On the occasion, the Chairman DRDO greeted the scientific community and spoke about the relevance of this year’s theme as per the Prime Minister’s ambitious vision to transform the nation as Viksit Bharat.

National Science Day Theme for 2024:

• “Indigenous Technologies for Viksit Bharat” focuses on promoting Science, Technology, and Innovation, celebrating Indian scientific achievements, and emphasizing the role of home-grown technologies in national well-being.

Key Objectives:

• Encourages collaboration between the public and scientific communities, both in India and internationally, to drive India’s self-reliance (Atmanirbhar Bharat) through scientific advancements.
• Highlights India’s commitment to global challenges and well-being through scientific progress.

India’s Recent Scientific Achievements:

• Ranked among the top five countries in scientific research publications globally.
• Significant improvement in the Global Innovation Index—moving up to 40th from 81st in 2015.
• Achieved over 90,000 patent filings, the highest in two decades.
• The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the moon’s south pole was a global first.
• Recognized for strong vaccine development capabilities, highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Prepared to advance in Quantum Technology, further enhancing India’s global scientific presence.

Strengthened Science & Technology Ecosystem:

• Developments in Artificial Intelligence, Astronomy, Renewable Energy, Semiconductors, Climate Research, Space Exploration, and Biotechnology have bolstered India’s scientific standing.
• Scientific advancements are improving the “Ease of Living” for the general population.

NCSTC’s Role:

• The National Council for Science & Technology Communication (NCSTC), part of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), coordinates NSD celebrations across India.
• Supports State S&T Councils in organizing events like lectures, quizzes, and open houses in scientific institutions and research labs nationwide.

Science Day Activities and Initiatives

Activities

On this occasion, Schools, colleges, and research institutions celebrate National Science Day through various activities such as:

• Science Exhibitions and Fairs
• Competitions and Quizzes
• Science Seminars and Workshops
• Public Lectures and Events

Initiatives

National Council for Science & Technology Communication (NCSTC): As the nodal agency, NCSTC coordinates and supports National Science Day celebrations across India. They provide financial and logistical support to state-level events, collaborate with scientific institutions, and strategize national-level initiatives.

Department of Science and Technology (DST): DST plays a crucial role by funding and supporting various science communication initiatives related to National Science Day. They might sponsor research projects, workshops, or public outreach programs.

State S&T Councils and Departments: These entities work with NCSTC to organize National Science Day events at the state level. They might organize workshops, science fairs, or competitions tailored to the specific interests of the region.

Scientific Institutions and Research Laboratories: Actively participate by hosting open houses, demonstrations, and lectures for the public. These institutions showcase their ongoing research and advancements, fostering public understanding of scientific endeavours.

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Awards and Recognitions for Scientists on National Science Day

National Awards by DST:

• Established in 1987 by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to encourage excellence in science popularization and communication, promoting a scientific mindset.

Awards Presented on National Science Day:

• National S&T Communication Awards: Recognizes exceptional contributions in science communication.
• AWSAR Awards (Augmenting Writing Skills for Articulating Research): Honors outstanding writing in scientific research.
• SERB Women Excellence Awards: Celebrates achievements of promising women scientists.
• -Rajendra Prabhu Memorial Appreciation Shield: Awarded for notable work in science media and journalism.

National Science & Technology Communication Awards

Award Category	Recipient(s)	Prize
National Award for Outstanding Efforts in S&T Communication	Karnataka Science and Technology Academy, Bengaluru	₹5,00,000, a memento, and a citation
National Award for Outstanding Efforts in S&T Communication through Print Media	1. Prof. Mayadhar Swain, Bhubaneswar 2. Dr. Biju Dharmapalan, Thiruvananthapuram	₹2,00,000 each, a memento, and a citation
National Award for Outstanding Efforts in S&T Popularization among Children	1. Dr. Krishnarao Appasani, Hyderabad 2. Dr. Uday Kumar Kakroo, New Delhi	₹2,00,000 each, a memento, and a citation
National Award for Outstanding Efforts in Translating Science & Technology Literature	Shri Tarun Kumar Jain, Jaipur	—
National Award for S&T Communication through Innovative and Traditional Methods	Shri Anjan Banik, Agartala	₹2,00,000, a memento, and a citation
National Award for S&T Communication in the Electronic Medium	Shri Rakesh Andania, New Delhi	—

Acknowledging Indian Scientific Achievements

Indian scientists have made notable contributions to various scientific disciplines. Their work has enriched humanity’s understanding and improved our quality of life, from pioneering discoveries to groundbreaking innovations. Some notable achievements include:

• Raman Effect
• Space Exploration
• Nuclear Science
• Information Technology (India’s IT industry)

AWSAR Award (Augmenting Writing Skills for Articulating Research)

Award	Winner
Outstanding Story (PDF category)	Dr. Amritesh Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
AWSAR Award: First Prize (PhD category)	Ms. Neha Parashar, Indian Institute of Technology, Patna
AWSAR Award: Second Prize	1. Ms Monica Pandey, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 2. Ms. Rohini B, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore
AWSAR Award: Third Prize	1. Ms. Monica Pandey, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 2. Ms. Rohini B, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore

SERB (Science and Engineering Research Board) Women Excellence Award Winners

Name	Details
Dr. Ruta Kale	Awarded for outstanding contributions in research.
Dr. Ashima Bhaskar	Recognized for excellence in her field.
Dr. Debashree Chakraborty	Honored for significant research achievements.
Dr. Mudrika Khandelwal	Celebrated for exceptional contributions to science.
Dr. Binita Pathak	Acknowledged for her remarkable research work.
Dr. Nitika Sandhu	Recognized for her outstanding research contributions.
Dr. Chandni U	Awarded for excellence in scientific research.
Dr. Neha Khatri	Honored for her impactful research work.
Dr. Yogita K. Adlakha	Celebrated for her significant contributions to science and engineering.

Conclusion

National Science Day is a special celebration that honours the amazing world of science. It’s not just about recognizing scientists’ achievements. It’s also a day to celebrate our natural curiosity and the joy of exploring. We participate in exciting activities like exhibitions, workshops, and competitions during National Science Day. During National Science Day, a variety of engaging activities are organized, including exhibitions, workshops, and friendly competitions. From the enigmatic discovery of the Raman Effect to the astounding accomplishments in space exploration, scientists have made remarkable contributions.

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