The National Song of India: A Deep Dive into Its History and Significance

When it comes to patriotism, every country has symbols that instil pride in its citizens. India’s pride is reflected in its National Anthem and National Song. Most are familiar with the National Anthem, but the National Song of India holds a special place as well. But what is the national song, and why is it so important? This blog post aims to give a thorough understanding of the National Song of India, its history, significance, and the impact it has on the nation’s identity.

What is the National Song of India?

The National Song of India is “Vande Mataram,” a patriotic song that played a crucial role in the Indian independence movement. The National Song of India written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in the 1870s, was later included in his novel “Anandamath.” The song was written in Sanskrit and Bengali and quickly became a symbol of resistance against British rule.

National Song of India: Musical Adaptation

“Vande Mataram” gained its iconic musical adaptation from Rabindranath Tagore, who composed a melody that resonated deeply with Indians, giving the song a powerful voice during the independence movement. Written in Sanskrit, the language’s classical status added to the song’s emotional impact, helping it become a rallying anthem across India’s diverse linguistic and cultural landscape.

• Rabindranath Tagore created a memorable musical adaptation of “Vande Mataram,” enhancing its emotional appeal.
• Set in Sanskrit, the song’s classical language elevated its significance and widespread appeal.
• Its evolution into different musical genres helped it symbolize resistance and unity during the independence movement.
• “Vande Mataram” became a unifying anthem, bridging linguistic and cultural divides across India.

Meaning of “Vande Mataram”

Here is a more detailed explanation of the meaning behind the lyrics of “Vande Mataram,” the National Song of India:

The opening line “Vande Mataram” or वन्दे मातरम् is the core of the song and translates to “I bow to thee, Mother.” This is a direct address to the personification of India as the “Mother.”

1. Stanza 1:

Vande Mataram
Sujalam suphalam,
Malayaja shitalam,
Shasyashyamalam,
Mataram!

Translation

I bow to thee, Mother,
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
Bright with orchard gleams,
Cool with groves of green,
Mother, I kiss thy feet,
Speaks of sparrows delight
The emerald of crops and fruits in sight.

This stanza paints a vivid picture of India’s natural beauty and abundance. It describes the country as:

• Sujalam Suphalam:- Rich with flowing rivers and fertile lands
• Malayaja Shitalam:- Cooled by the gentle Malayan breeze
• Shasyashyamalam:- Resplendent with lush green crops and vegetation

The lines personify India as a motherly figure, whose feet the speaker wishes to kiss in reverence.

2. Stanza 2:

Tuhina-kara-tala-
Tharini tuhina-shyama
Smarami tava charana-
Kamala-dala-vibhrama
Suhaasinee sumadhura-
Bhaashini sumadhura-
Geetam gaayati geetika

Translation

Thy hands are cool with the touch of the snow,
Thy face is fair like the moon’s silvery glow.
Thou art the dancer in the dance of death,
Thou art the secrecy whispered in the flower’s breath.
Sweet of speech, sweet of smile,
Thou art the soothing song, the music all the while.

This stanza further personifies India as a divine, goddess-like figure. It describes her hands as cool like snow, her face as fair as the moon, and her voice as sweet and soothing like music. The lines also allude to India’s role as the protector and nurturer of her people.

The overall Vande Mataram meaning is a reverential salutation to the motherland, expressing deep love, admiration, and a willingness to serve and protect her. The lyrics paint a vivid picture of India’s natural beauty, cultural richness, and maternal qualities, evoking a strong sense of patriotism and pride.

Author of the National Song of India

1. A Literary Luminary

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was a famous Bengali novelist, poet, and journalist. He is best known for writing India’s national song, “Vande Mataram.” Born on June 27, 1838, in Naihati, West Bengal, he was a key figure in modern Indian literature and the Bengal Renaissance.

2. The Creation of a National Anthem

Chattopadhyay wrote “Vande Mataram,” a powerful song, in Sanskrit and later adapted it into Bengali. This song was part of his novel, Anandmath, published in 1882. The novel was inspired by the Sannyasi Rebellion, where Hindu monks fought against oppressive rulers. The song captured the spirit of resistance and became a symbol of India’s fight for freedom.

3. A Symbol of Nationalism

“Vande Mataram” soon became more than just a song in a book; it turned into a powerful cry for Indian nationalists. The song portrays India as a divine mother, Bharat Mata, which deeply resonated with the people. It inspired many freedom fighters and helped unite the nation in its quest for independence.

Chattopadhyay’s legacy is closely tied to this iconic song. His words continue to inspire and bring together Indians, making him a cherished figure in the nation’s history and literature.

History of National Song of India

Vande Mataram is a powerful patriotic song that emerged as a symbol of India’s struggle for independence. Let’s dive into Vande Mataram’s history:

“Vande Mataram,” India’s national song, was originally written in Sanskrit by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1876. Inspired by India’s rich culture and the resistance against British colonial rule, Chattopadhyay wrote the poem to reflect India’s identity and resilience. It first appeared in his novel Anandamath (1882), set during the Sannyasi Rebellion. V. D. Paluskar later composed the melody that is widely recognized today. On January 24, 1950, “Vande Mataram” was given equal status with the national anthem, “Jana Gana Mana,” though it is not mentioned in the Indian Constitution.

• Adopted as India’s national song on January 24, 1950, with equal status to the national anthem, “Jana Gana Mana.”
• Written in 1876 by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in Sanskrit and Bengali.
• Inspired by India’s cultural identity and the resistance movements like the 1857 Revolt and Sannyasi Rebellion.
• First published in Anandamath in 1882.
• Originally set to music by Jadunath Bhattacharya; modern composition credited to V. D. Paluskar.

National Song of India Lyrics

1. Lyrics of the Vande Mataram

वन्दे मातरम् सुजलां सुफलां मलयजशीतलाम् शस्यशामलां मातरम् ।

शुभ्रज्योत्स्नापुलकितयामिनीं फुल्लकुसुमितद्रुमदलशोभिनीं सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीं सुखदां वरदां मातरम् ।। १ ।।

वन्दे मातरम् ।

कोटि-कोटि-कण्ठ-कल-कल-निनाद-कराले कोटि-कोटि-भुजैर्धृत-खरकरवाले, अबला केन मा एत बले ।

बहुबलधारिणीं नमामि तारिणीं रिपुदलवारिणीं मातरम् ।। २ ।।

वन्दे मातरम् ।

तुमि विद्या, तुमि धर्म तुमि हृदि, तुमि मर्म त्वं हि प्राणा: शरीरे बाहुते तुमि मा शक्ति, हृदये तुमि मा भक्ति, तोमारई प्रतिमा गडि मन्दिरे-मन्दिरे मातरम् ।। ३ ।।

वन्दे मातरम् ।

त्वं हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरणधारिणी कमला कमलदलविहारिणी वाणी विद्यादायिनी, नमामि त्वाम् नमामि कमलां अमलां अतुलां सुजलां सुफलां मातरम् ।। ४ ।।

वन्दे मातरम् ।

श्यामलां सरलां सुस्मितां भूषितां धरणीं भरणीं मातरम् ।। ५ ।।

वन्दे मातरम् ।।

2. Vande Mataram in English

Mother, I bow to thee.
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
Bright with thy orchard gleams,
Cool with the winds of delight,
Dark fields waving, Mother of might,
Mother free.

Glory of moonlight dreams,
Over thy branches and lordly streams,
Clad in thy blossoming trees,
Mother, giver of ease,
Laughing low and sweet,
Mother, I kiss thy feet,
Speaker sweet and low,
Mother, to thee I bow.

3. Meaning of Vande Mataram Lyrics in English

I bow to thee, Mother

Mother, whose bounteous breast is lapped by the waves of the ocean,
Whose cool breezes are laden with the perfume of the mango groves,
Whose body is dark with the hue of ripe corn,
I bow to thee, Mother!

Mother, whose nights are brightened by the pure beams of the moon,
Whose mornings are vibrant with the blooming flowers of the trees,
Whose speech is sweet and gentle, whose blessings are bountiful,
I bow to thee, Mother!

I bow to thee, Mother!

Difference Between National Anthem and National Song of India

Feature	National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana)	National Song (Vande Mataram)
Composer	Rabindranath Tagore	Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Language	Bengali	Sanskrit
Adoption	Officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on January 24, 1950	Adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 24, 1950
Status	Fundamental Duty to show respect, as per Article 51A of the Constitution	Not a fundamental duty
Occasions	Played on formal state occasions, international events, and before movies in cinemas	Sung on patriotic occasions, cultural events, and during independence day celebrations
Nature	Formal and solemn	More emotional and inspiring

Significance of the National Song of India

1. Cultural Unity

“Vande Mataram” played a vital role in uniting people from different parts of India. Despite the country’s linguistic and cultural diversity, the song’s powerful message of love for the motherland resonated with everyone.

2. Inspiration for Freedom Fighters

The song was a source of inspiration and strength for many freedom fighters. Figures like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal often invoked “Vande Mataram” in their speeches and writings, urging people to fight for their freedom.

3. Symbol of Patriotism

Even today, “Vande Mataram” is sung at various national events, instilling a sense of pride and patriotism in the hearts of Indians. It reminds everyone of the sacrifices made by countless individuals to achieve independence.

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Role of the National Song of India in the Freedom Movement

“Vande Mataram” played a crucial role in India’s fight for independence. Introduced into the national consciousness by Rabindranath Tagore’s first public performance at the Indian National Congress in 1886, the song soon became a unifying anthem. During the Swadeshi Movement of 1905, it was widely used to protest British policies, symbolizing self-reliance and resistance. Leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh encouraged its use, cementing its place in the freedom struggle. Despite British attempts to suppress it, “Vande Mataram” only grew in popularity, inspiring countless activists and citizens.

• First Performance: Tagore introduced “Vande Mataram” at the 1886 Indian National Congress session.
• Swadeshi Movement: Became a key symbol during the 1905 boycott of British goods, promoting Indian-made products and self-reliance.
• Symbol of Unity: Promoted by leaders like Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Aurobindo Ghosh as a unifying cry for independence.
• British Suppression: Attempts to ban the song only increased its popularity and significance among Indians.
• Enduring Inspiration: Used widely by activists and citizens, the song became a source of strength and motivation during India’s freedom struggle.

Controversies Surrounding “Vandе Mataram” The National Song of India

While “Vande Mataram” is widely revered as India’s National Song, it has also been the subject of some controversies over the years. Here are some of the key issues that have surrounded the song:

1. Religious Interpretations

• Some Muslim leaders have objected to the song’s perceived Hindu religious overtones, as it personifies India as a mother goddess.
• There were concerns that the song’s lyrics could be seen as promoting Hindu nationalism, which conflicted with India’s secular identity.

2. Language Debate

• The song was originally written in Bengali by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, and there were debates over whether it should be translated to other languages or sung in the original Bengali.
• Some argued that the translation lost the poetic essence and emotional impact of the original Bengali version.

3. Mandatory Singing Controversy

• In the 1930s and 1940s, there were attempts by some state governments to make the singing of “Vande Mataram” compulsory in schools and public events.
• This led to protests from certain religious and political groups who saw it as an imposition of Hindu nationalism.

4. Partial Usage Debate

• While the first two verses are considered the National Song, there are a total of 11 verses in the original poem “Anandamath” by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
• Some argued that only using the first two verses was an incomplete representation of the song’s original context and meaning.

5. Secularism Concerns

• In the post-independence era, there were concerns that the song’s Hindu-centric imagery and language could undermine India’s secular identity and alienate religious minorities.
• This led to debates about whether “Vande Mataram” should continue to be recognized as the National Song.

Despite these controversies, “Vande Mataram” has remained an integral part of India’s national identity and continues to be widely respected and sung, especially during patriotic events and celebrations. The debates have also led to a deeper understanding and appreciation of the song’s historical significance and the need to balance its symbolism with India’s commitment to secularism and inclusivity.

Cultural Impact and Adaptations of “Vandе Mataram”

Vande Mataram is more than just a national song; it has deeply influenced India’s culture and heritage.

1. Cultural Impact

• Symbol of Nationalism: The song has been a powerful symbol of Indian nationalism. It inspired many freedom fighters and shaped the nation’s collective spirit.
• Literary and Artistic Influence: Vande Mataram has inspired many poems, paintings, and sculptures that celebrate India.
• School Anthems: Many schools in India use versions of Vande Mataram as their anthems, making it a part of students’ lives.
• Movement Anthem: The song has been used in various social and political movements, spreading its powerful message beyond just national independence.

2. Adaptations

• Musical Adaptations: Vande Mataram has been adapted into different musical styles, like classical, folk, and contemporary music, reaching a wide audience.
• Regional Language Versions: The song has been translated into many Indian languages, promoting national unity while respecting linguistic diversity.
• Visual Arts: Artists have captured the spirit of Vande Mataram in paintings and sculptures, creating iconic images of India.
• Cinema and Theater: The song has been used in many films and plays, enhancing its emotional impact on people.

Vande Mataram continues to touch the hearts of people across generations, reminding them of India’s rich heritage and inspiring pride and unity.

Global Recognition of “Vandе Mataram” The National Song of India

While Vande Mataram holds great importance in India, its influence has also reached beyond the country’s borders. However, its global impact is more informal rather than through official recognition.

1. Global Impact Rather Than Formal Recognition

• Symbol of Freedom and Nationalism: Vande Mataram has resonated with anti-colonial movements worldwide. Its themes of freedom, self-determination, and love for one’s homeland have inspired people fighting against oppression across the globe.
• Indian Diaspora: Indians living in various countries carry the song’s legacy with them. They often use it to express their connection to India and celebrate their cultural heritage.
• Cultural Exchange: Through music, movies, and cultural exchanges, Vande Mataram has been introduced to people from different cultures, fostering a broader appreciation for Indian music and the spirit of the song.

2. Challenges in Global Recognition

• Language Barrier: The song is primarily in Bengali, which limits its accessibility to people who don’t speak Bengali or Hindi.
• Cultural Context: The deep cultural and historical context of the song might be difficult to fully appreciate without understanding India’s history.
• Focus on National Anthems: The global stage often prioritizes national anthems over national songs, limiting opportunities for wider exposure.

3. Legal Status and Recognition

On January 24, 1950, the Constituent Assembly formally recognized “Vande Mataram” as India’s National Song, a symbol of national unity along with the National Anthem, “Jana Gana Mana.” Though “Jana Gana Mana” was chosen as the National Anthem, “Vande Mataram” was honoured for its deep historical and cultural resonance. The Supreme Court later clarified that while singing the National Song is not mandatory, citizens are encouraged to respect it, reflecting India’s balance between national pride and individual freedoms.

• Official Recognition: Designated as the National Song on January 24, 1950, by the Constituent Assembly.
• Constitutional Symbol: Recognized alongside “Jana Gana Mana” to represent national unity.
• Supreme Court Stance: Singing is not required but respect is encouraged for all citizens.
• Cultural Importance: Honors the song’s role in India’s independence while upholding democratic values.

In essence, while Vande Mataram has had a significant global impact and is cherished by the Indian diaspora, it hasn’t achieved the same level of formal recognition as some other national anthems. However, its enduring power as a symbol of freedom and patriotism continues to resonate with people across the world.

Fun Fact about the National Song of India

• Vande Mataram, the national song of India, serves as a cornerstone of inspiration in the struggle for freedom.
• Composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterji, it combines Sanskrit and Bengali languages.
• Former President of India, Dr Rajendra Prasad, emphasized its significance on January 24, 1950, in the Constituent Assembly, advocating equal reverence with Jana Gana Mana.
• The song originates from Chatterji’s novel, Anand Math (1882), set amidst the Sannyasi rebellion.
• Its first English translation was done by Nares Chandra Sen-Gupta in 1906.
• The Indian National Congress’ 1896 session witnessed the inaugural political rendition, led by Rabindranath Tagore.
• Poet Sarala Devi Chaudurani echoed its verses at the Benares Congress Session in 1905.
• Lala Lajpat Rai’s journal, Vande Mataram, from Lahore, further propagated its spirit.
• In 1905, the first political film by Hiralal Sen featured a recitation of Vande Mataram, symbolizing its omnipresence in the freedom struggle.

How to Sing “Vande Mataram” The National Song of India

Here are some tips for singing the National Song of India:

• Learn the Pronunciation: Since the song is in Sanskrit, it’s essential to get the pronunciation right.
• Listen to recordings by renowned singers for guidance.
• Understand the Meaning: Knowing the meaning of the lyrics will help you connect with the song and convey its emotion.
• Practice Regularly: Like any other song, practice is key. Sing along with recordings to improve your rendition.

Role of “Vande Mataram” The National Song of India in Modern India:

• Cultural and National Importance: “Vande Mataram” plays a central role in India’s cultural identity, being performed at national events like Independence Day, Republic Day, school assemblies, and public gatherings.
• Symbol of National Pride: It is often sung alongside the National Anthem, reinforcing India’s unity and patriotism. The song’s lyrics inspire pride and solidarity, marking the country’s achievements and aspirations.
• Cultural and Artistic Influence: “Vande Mataram” is widely embraced in various cultural activities, including music, dance, and drama, continuing to inspire artists and performers through its emotional depth.
• Modern Relevance: The song maintains its significance as a symbol of unity and patriotism while evolving to reflect contemporary values, such as environmental awareness and the call for sustainable development.
• Inspirational Legacy: It continues to inspire new generations of Indians to contribute to the nation’s progress, making it a powerful symbol of national pride and respect at all major national events.

Conclusion

Learning the National Song of India, “Vande Mataram,” helps young students appreciate the cultural and historical richness of their country. When students understand and feel connected to their national symbols, they grow up as informed and responsible citizens. As you delve into the lyrics and history of “Vande Mataram,” you’re not just learning a song but are also embracing a piece of India’s soul.

Let the words “Vande Mataram” echo in your heart, reminding you of the nation’s beauty and the sacrifices made for its freedom. Through this song, let’s always celebrate and cherish the spirit of unity and patriotism which defines India.

I hope this comprehensive and engaging blog provides a clear understanding of the National Song of India and the importance it holds.

Additional Resources for Curious Minds

1. Books

• Anandamath by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: Delve deeper into the novel where “Vande Mataram” originated.
• Freedom’s Song: The Story of India’s National Anthem and National Song by Sanchari Roy: A great resource for understanding both the National Anthem and National Song.

2. Websites

• National Portal of India: Offers a comprehensive look at India’s national symbols, including the National Song.
• Cultural India: Find detailed information on various aspects of India’s rich cultural heritage.

3. Videos

• National Geographic India: Watch documentaries and short clips about India’s history and culture.
• Vande Mataram Song by Lata Mangeshkar on YouTube: Listen to one of the most iconic renditions of “Vande Mataram.”

FAQ’s: National Song of India