UNESCO World Heritage Sites India

The United Nations deems UNESCO World Heritage Site India a significant location for all people around the globe. These sites may either be natural, such as breathtaking landscapes and one-of-a-kind ecosystems, or cultural, such as historical edifices or metropolises or mixed. UNESCO chooses these places based on how special and valuable they are to people everywhere. Once a place gets this special title, it means that efforts will be made to protect and take care of it, so that it can be enjoyed by people now and in the future.

42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

It’s a great honor to see how many UNESCO World Heritage Sites India has. The country is rich in cultural and natural wonders that have fascinated the world with their deep historical significance and breathtaking beauty. Among these treasures, 42 have earned the prestigious title of UNESCO World Heritage Site India.

These cultural treasures take tourists back in time, from the renowned white marble masterpiece, the Taj Mahal, which stands as a symbol of eternal love, to the ancient and intricate cave systems of Ajanta and Ellora, which showcase India’s creative and spiritual growth.

UNESCO World Heritage Site India 2024

India is home to forty-two UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has included the renowned Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid, and Somananthpura in Karnataka, known as the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala, on its World Heritage list. Only one day after Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan was also granted this prestigious recognition, this inclusion makes India’s 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site. The World Heritage Committee, during its 45th session held in Saudi Arabia, decided to include Santiniketan in the esteemed list, reiterating its significance on the international scene.

Criteria for UNESCO World Heritage Sites

The UNESCO World Heritage Sites List considers a site for inscription if it fulfills at least one of the ten criteria. The following are the 10 criteria:

1. Human creative genius: Represents a masterpiece of human creative genius.
2.  Interchange of values: Exhibits a major exchange of human values across time or within a cultural area of the world.
3.  Testimony to cultural tradition: Contains a one-of-a-kind or outstanding witness of a live or extinct cultural heritage or civilization.
4.  Significance in human history: Is an extraordinary example of a type of structure, architectural.
5.  Traditional human settlement: This is an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land use.
6.  Heritage is associated with events of universal significance: the cultural component of a location.
7.  Natural phenomena or beauty: Contains superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance.
8.  Major stages of Earth’s history: These are outstanding examples representing major stages of Earth’s history.
9.  Significant ecological and biological processes
10.  The significant natural habitat for biodiversity: Contains the most significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity.

First UNESCO World Heritage Site in India

One of India’s first World Heritage Sites was the Ajanta Caves. Their estimated age ranges from 650 CE to the second century BCE. Throughout history, their design and style have had a revolutionary impact on Indian art. They have thirty-one exquisitely carved rock monuments that are Buddhist caves, paintings, and sculptures. The Satavahana dynasty constructed the first stage, and the Vakataka dynasty constructed the second stage. Numerous carvings depicting the life of the Buddha are present.

List of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

S.No	Name of Sites	Year	Location
1	Ajanta Caves	1983	Maharashtra
2	Ellora Caves	1983	Maharashtra
3	Agra Fort	1983	Agra
4	Taj Mahal	1983	Agra
5	Sun Temple	1984	Orissa
6	Mahabalipuram Monuments	1984	Tamil Nadu
7	Kaziranga National Park	1985	Assam
8	Keoladeo National Park	1985	Rajasthan
9	Manas Wildlife Sanctuary	1985	Assam
10	Churches and Convents of Goa	1986	Goa
11	Monuments of Khajuraho	1986	Madhya Pradesh
12	Monuments of Hampi	1986	Karnataka
13	Fatehpur Sikri	1986	Agra
14	Elephanta Caves	1987	Maharashtra
15	Great Living Chola Temples	1987	Tamil Nadu
16	Pattadakal Monuments	1987	Karnataka
17	Sundarbans National Park	1987	West Bengal
18	Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers National Park	1988	Uttarakhand
19	Monuments of Buddha	1989	Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
20	Humayun’s Tomb	1993	Delhi
21	Qutub Minar and its Monuments	1993	Delhi
22	Mountain Railways of Darjeeling, Kalka Shimla & Nilgiri	1999	Darjeeling
23	Mahabodhi Temple	2002	Bihar
24	Bhimbetka Rock Shelters	2003	Madhya Pradesh
25	Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus	2004	Maharashtra
26	ChampanerPavagadh Archaeological Park	2004	Gujarat
27	Red Fort	2007	Delhi
28	Jantar Mantar	2010	Delhi
29	Western Ghats	2012	Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra
30	Hill Forts	2013	Rajasthan
31	Rani Ki Vav (The Queen’s Stepwell)	2014	Gujarat
32	Great Himalayan National Park	2014	Himachal Pradesh
33	Nalanda	2016	Bihar
34	Khangchendzonga National Park	2016	Sikkim
35	Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capitol Complex)	2016	Chandigarh
36	The Historic City	2017	Ahmedabad
37	Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles	2018	Mumbai
38	The Pink City	2019	Jaipur
39	Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple	2021	Telangana
40	Dholavira	2021	Gujarat
41	Santiniketan	2023	West Bengal
42	Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid and Somananthpura	2023	Karnataka

Latest Updates

India holds the sixth-highest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites globally. The countries with 42 or more such sites include Italy, Spain, Germany, China, and France. Notably, since 2014, India has added 12 new World Heritage Sites, showcasing the nation’s commitment to preserving and promoting its cultural and natural treasures.

Natural World Heritage Sites

Seven natural wonders in India that are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

1. Kaziranga National Park

Famous for the world’s 2/3rd population of Great One-Horned Rhinoceroses. The park holds the record for the highest density of tigers in the world, as well as wild water buffalo, elephants, and swamp deer. Additionally, it has gained recognition as an Important Bird Area.

2. Manas National Park

A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985, Manas National Park is a protected area covering 284 sq km in Assam, India. Its rich biodiversity and endangered species like the Assam roofed turtle, pygmy hog, hispid hare, golden langur, and Bengal florican are well-known.

3. Keoladeo National Park

This former hunting ground of the Maharajas of Bharatpur is now a bird sanctuary that is home to over 230 species of birds, including the Asian koel, from which it gets its name.

4. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks

This UNESCO World Heritage Site encompasses two national parks, Nanda Devi National Park and Valley of Flowers National Park. The second-highest mountain in India, Nanda Devi, lends its name to Nanda Devi National Park. The meadows filled with wildflowers make Valley of Flowers National Park renowned.

5. Sundarbans National Park

This park is home to the Royal Bengal tiger, the largest tiger population in the world. It is also the largest mangrove forest in the world.

6. Western Ghats

The Western Ghats is a mountain range that runs along the western coast of India. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.

7. Great Himalayan National Park

This park is located in the Himalayas and is home to a variety of mountain animals, including snow leopards, bears, and ibex.

Also Read:-

UNESCO World Heritage Site – Ellora Caves

Ajanta Caves | History, Location, and More

Jantar Mantar: A Wonders Journey

UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India

7 Wonders of India: An Overview

Cultural World Heritage Sites 

34 wonders that are considered UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India.

1. Ajanta Caves: Famous for Buddhist Rock-cut Cave Monuments. It is richly decorated with Paintings and Frescoes like Sigiriya Paintings.
2. Ellora Caves: Jain and Hindu Temples and Monasteries. These caves were excavated out of Hills, and it is a rock-cut Architecture.
3. Agra Fort: This is one of the most prominent monumental structures of the Mughal Empire.
4. Taj Mahal: This is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. King Shahjahan had built this structure in memory of his third wife Begum Mumtaz Mahal.
5. Sun Temple: This temple is famous for the traditional style of Kalinga Architecture.
6. Mahabalipuram Monuments: This monument is famous for being the largest Mahabalipuram. Open Air Rock Relief, Mandapas, Chariot Temples, It is a Pallava Dynasty Architecture.
7. Churches and Convents of Goa: It is famous for Rome of the Orient, the First Manueline, Mannerist, and Baroque Art Forms in Asia, and the First Latin Rite Mass in Asia.
8. Monuments of Khajuraho: This monument is popular for a group of Jain and Hindu Temples. It is situated 175 km southeast of Jhansi. Well known for their Nagara-style symbolism and erotic Figures and sculptures.
9. Monuments of Hampi: Prosperous kingdom of Vijayanagar. The ruins at Hampi depict the fine Dravidian style of art and architecture. The most important heritage monument on this site is the Virupaksha Temple.
10. Fatehpur Sikri: Its structure consists of four main Monuments. The Jama Masjid, The Buland Darwaza, Panch Mahal or Jada Baai ka Mahal, Diwane-Khas, and Diwan-eaam.
11. Elephanta Caves: It is popular for Buddhist and Hindu caves. It is situated on Island in the Arabian Sea. And has Basal Rock Caves and Shiva Temples.
12. Great Living Chola Temples: This temple is popular for Chola Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, and Bronze Casting.
13. Pattadakal Monuments: It is popular for its Chalukya style of architecture that originated in Aihole and blended with the Nagara and Dravidian styles of architecture.
14. Monuments of Buddha: It is popular for Monolithic Pillars, Palaces, Monasteries, Temples Mauryan Architecture, and Ye Dharma Hetu Inscriptions.
15. Humayun’s Tomb: It is popular as the precursor to the Taj Mahal and Mughal Architecture. It constitutes a Tomb, a Pavilion, any Water Channels, and A Bath
16. Qutub Minar and its Monuments: Includes Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza, Alai Minar, Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltumish, and Iron Pillar.
17. Mountain Railways of Darjeeling, Kalka Shimla & Nilgiri: The mountain railways of India comprise the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri
    Mountain Railway, and the Kalka-Shimla.
18. Mahabodhi Temple: An important religious center for the Buddhists as this was the place where Mahatma Buddha attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya is considered the holiest pilgrimage spot for the Buddhists.
19. Bhimbetka: It is famous for Rock Paintings within Natural Rock Shelters, Stone Age Inscriptions, Sitting Place of Bhima (Mahabharata).
20. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: It is popular for central Railways Headquarters, Terror Attacks on Mumbai in 2008, Gothic Style Architecture.
21. ChampanerPavagadh Archaeological Park: This place is the only complete and unchanged Islamic pre-Mughal city. The park also houses some of the ancient Chalcolithic Indian Sites, from the Stone Age era.
22. Red Fort: It is popular for Shahjahanabad, Persian, Timuri, and Indian Architectural Styles, Red Sandstone Architecture, and Moti Masjid.
23. Jantar Mantar: Famous for Architectural Astronomical Instruments, Maharaja Jai Singh II is the largest of its kind Observatory.
24. Hill Forts: This place is famous for its unique Rajput Military Defense Architecture. It includes six majestic forts in Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore Fort, Gagron Fort, Amber Fort, and Jaisalmer Fort.
25. Rani Ki Vav: It is an explicit example of fine Ancient Indian architecture which was constructed during the time of the Solanki dynasty.
26. Nalanda: A center of learning and a Buddhist monastery from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE.
27. Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Capitol Complex): Recognized as a World Heritage Site as part of an outstanding contribution to the Modern Movement.
28. The Historic City: A walled city on the banks of Sabarmati where communities following Hinduism, Islam, and Jainism have co-existed for centuries.
29. Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles: It is a collection of 94 buildings of great cultural importance, located in the Fort Area of Mumbai.
30. The Pink City: Many magnificent forts, palaces, temples, and museums fill Jaipur, which is also home to local handicrafts and trinkets in abundance.
31. Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple: The Ramappa Temple stands in Palampet Village, Telangana, estimated to be at least 800 to 900 years old. It particularly distinguishes itself with lightweight porous bricks, famously termed floating bricks.
32. Dholavira: Dholavira is an architectural site situated in the Kutch district of Gujarat. It is one of the most prominent Indus Valley Civilisation sites.
33. Santiniketan: Santiniketan, the cultural and educational hub founded by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, has earned a coveted spot on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. This recognition marks a significant milestone for India and celebrates the enduring legacy of this unique institution located in Bengal’s Birbhum district.
34. Hoysala Temples: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has added the famed Hoysala temples of Belur, Halebid, and Somananthpura in Karnataka, known as the Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala, to its World Heritage list. This inclusion marks the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site in India and comes just a day after Rabindranath Tagore’s Santiniketan also received this distinguished recognition.

Khangchendzonga National Park: In the UNESCO list, experts consider the national park a mixed type. It earns fame for its fauna and flora, with occasional sightings of snow leopards.

Iconic UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India

Various UNESCO World Heritage Sites exhibit India’s rich history and culture, which are well-recognized. These locations are examples of architectural and cultural marvels, ranging from the towering Taj Mahal, a representation of eternal love, to the breathtaking temples of Khajuraho, renowned for their elaborate sexual carvings. Names like Jaipur’s Amer Fort and the spiritual importance of Varanasi’s ghats enhance the heritage of India.

Conclusion

India’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites pay homage to its rich and varied past. It provides a wealth of natural, historical, and cultural attractions that draw tourists from all over the globe. A source of pride for the national heritage of India. And a representation of the nation’s distinct fabric of culture and environment.

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